Sacroiliac

The union of the auricular surfaces of the sacrum and the ilium forms the sacroiliac joint. It is a slightly movable joint.

Symphysis Pubis

The junction of the symphysial surfaces of the pubic bones forms the symphysis pubis. The pubic fibrocartilaginous lamina is interposed between the symphysial surfaces. This is a slightly movable joint.

Hip

The hip is formed by the head of the femur articulating with the acetabulum of the os coxa. It is a ball-and-socket joint. The movements permitted by the hip include flexion (swinging forward), extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction.

Knee

The knee may be considered as consisting of three joints in one.

Two condylar articulations are found between the lateral and medial condyles of the femur, articulating with the corresponding articular facets of the condyles of the tibia. This hinge-type joint flexes and extends.

The patellofemoral articulation is between the posterior surface of the patella and the patellar surface of the femur. This joint is best described as gliding.

Superior Tibiofibular

This is the joint between the lateral condyle of the tibia and the head of the fibula. It is a gliding joint, limited to a slight gliding movement.

Tibiofibular Syndesmosis

This joint is formed by the junction of the distal end of the fibula and the fibular notch of the tibia. It is a slightly movable joint (synarthrosis).

Ankle Joint

The ankle joint is between the trochlea of the talus articulating with the ankle mortise. The mortise is the arch-like structure formed by the medial malleolus and inferior articular surface of the tibia and the lateral malleolus of the fibula. The ankle is a hinge joint. The movements permitted are flexion and extension.

Foot

Intertarsal. The intertarsal articulations are between the individual tarsal bones. They are gliding joints or condyloid joints.

Tarsometatarsal. The tarsometatarsal articulations are between the bases of the metatarsals and the distal row of the tarsal bones. They are gliding joints.

Intermetatarsal. The intermetatarsal articulations are between adjacent bases of the metatarsals. They are gliding joints.

Metatarsophalangeal. The metatarsophalangeal joints are between the heads of the metatarsals and the bases of the proximal phalanges. They are (condyle-like) condyloid articulations. The movements permitted are flexion and extension.

Interphalangeal. The interphalangeal joints are between the proximal and middle phalanges. They are hinge joints. The movements permitted are flexion and extension.

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